NATIONAL SCHOOL FEEDING PROGRAM (PNAE) IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF ALENQUER/PARÁ: SOCIAL, ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ON PDS PARAÍSO, PA CURUMU AND PA ESPECIAL QUILOMBOLA PACOVAL
Public policies. PNAE. Sustainability. Family Farming. Baixo Amazonas Paraense.
Alenquer is one of the 13 municipalities in the Território da Cidadania do Baixo Amazonas Paraense (BAM). The territory is characterized by a high concentration of family farmers and agrarian reform settlements, as well as a concentration of quilombola, indigenous and fishing populations, among others. Among the states of the Northern region, Pará has the largest number of Family Farming establishments and the sector contributes significantly to food production and the region's economy. However, the sector has historically faced difficulties in developing, because for a long time it was left out of government agendas and public policies to encourage and strengthen it, a fact that began to change after many social struggles by rural men and women. As a result of their demands, public policies such as PRONAF, PAA and PNAE were created to encourage the development of the sector. In light of this, this project aims to analyse the operationalization of the National School Feeding Programme (PNAE) and its social, economic and environmental impacts in the municipality of Alenquer/Pará, with an emphasis on the PDS Paraíso, PA Curumu and PA Especial Quilombola Pacoval, from 2018 to 2023. The research is exploratory-descriptive in nature and will be carried out by means of a bibliographical survey, documentary research and field research using semi-structured interviews. The literature review was carried out using books and articles on the subject, published on the CAPES portal and on other websites, and by collecting data available on the IBGE, FNDE and INCRA websites. The aim of the documentary research was to gather information on the process by which family farmers were included in the PNAE (public notices, minutes of meetings, sales projects, grant reports). As for the interviews, they will be conducted with family farmers who offer their products to the PNAE, a nutritionist from the municipality's School Feeding Department and school principals. The bibliographical research gathered information on the creation of public policies, gathering information on their historical and conceptual context, focusing mainly on policies to promote family farming. In these surveys, the research also focused on the conceptualization of the term “family farming” and its contribution to social and economic development. In addition, the research also sought to analyze the trajectory of the creation of the PNAE public policy, its starting point, its main advances over the decades of creation and implementation and sought to identify its contribution to strengthening family farming, food security and sustainable development. As for the BAM municipalities that have accessed the PNAE, the amounts transferred and executed were analyzed, emphasizing how many complied with the mandatory purchase of at least 30% of products from family farmers. One of these municipalities is the spatial focus of this research, which will be discussed in the third chapter. Thus, we intend to demonstrate the institutionalization and operationalization of the PNAE in Alenquer, its potential and challenges in the inclusion of family farmers in a public policy created to strengthen this category, but which still does not efficiently reach those who can benefit from it.