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Dissertations |
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1
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ANDRIA SIMONE OLIVEIRA VALENTE
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ACUTE TOXICITY AND ANESTHETIC POTENTIAL OF HYDROLACTUM DE Myrcia sylvatica (G.Mey.) DC. IN TAMBAQUI JUVENILE (Colossoma macropomum)
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Advisor : LENISE VARGAS FLORES DA SILVA
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COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
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LENISE VARGAS FLORES DA SILVA
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RUY BESSA LOPES
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MAXWELL BARBOSA DE SANTANA
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RICARDO BEZERRA DE OLIVEIRA
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Data: Feb 28, 2018
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Show Abstract
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Natural products are being tested as anesthetics in fish, in order to mitigate the effects of stress caused by management techniques applied in aquaculture. The objective of this work was to evaluate the use of Myrcia sylvatica hydrolate (MSH) as anesthetic in tambaqui juveniles (Colossoma macropomum), well as assess the lethal concentration (LC50-96h). The concentrations of MSH used to anesthesia experiments, were 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35% (15 fish per treatment). The lethal concentration tested were used 5, 7.5, 10, 12.5 and 15% of MSH concentrations. The physical-chemical variables (temperature, pH, electric conductivity and dissolved oxygen), flow of Na +, K +, Cl-, ammonia and alkalinity of the solutions were evaluated before and after test. The gill mucous cell density (MCD) was determined after 96 hours of exposure to HMS. The 30% concentration of MSH had the best anesthetic induction and recovery times and was indicated for fast handling (about 3min). The acute toxicity test estimated CL50 in 11,19% of MSH. Juveniles of tambaquis exposed to MSH for 96 hours presented high excretion of ammonia and efflux of ions, increasesed with concentration of hydrolate increases. The MCD decresed with increase the concentration of MSH. Thus, the concentration tested of HMS are not indicated for prolonged managements was suggested, because induced osmoregulatory stress.
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2
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DEBORA GOMES FIGUEIREDO
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DIET OF FOUR FISH SPECIES IN THE AREA OF INFLUENCE OF CURUÁ-UNA HYDROELECTRIC POWER PLANT, STATE OF PARÁ - BRAZIL
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Advisor : YNGLEA GEORGINA DE FREITAS GOCH
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COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
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YNGLEA GEORGINA DE FREITAS GOCH
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ANDREA PONTES VIANA
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KEID NOLAN SILVA SOUZA
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TONY MARCOS PORTO BRAGA
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Data: May 10, 2018
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Show Abstract
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The ichtlyogical fauna of the Amazonian River Systems offers high flexibility, which in your time trophic, is associated with the dynamics of these systems. However, with the construction of hydroelectric power stations, this dynamic has been threatened. The objective of this study was to characterize and verify possible differences in the diet of four fish species from the downstream, upstream/reservoir and upstream/transition stretches of the Curuá-Una Hydroelectric Plant, as well as to estimate the weight-length and factor condition. For this, the collections were carried out in the months of november 2016 and march and november of 2017, with gill nets, with different mesh sizes. The species selected for this study were: Serrasalmus rhombeus, Hemiodus microlepis, Auchenipterus nuchalis and Curimata knerii and from these biometric data of length and weight were obtained and the stomach was collected for analysis. The analysis of the diet was carried out using the frequency of occurrence and volumetric methods, combined with the Index of Food Importance-IAi. The weight-length ratio estimated for the different species was allometric type positive (S. rhombeus), allometric negative (H. microlepis and C. knerii) and isometric (A. nuchalis). The diet of the above species did not present significant differences (PERMANOVA) (F = 0,523; p> 0,05), remaining piscivora (S. rhombeus), detritivorous (H. microlepis and C. knerii) and insectivorous (A. nuchalis), independent of the studied sections. On the other hand, the condition factor was significantly different (Kruskal - Wallis) for S. rhombeus species (Hc: 2,08; p <0,05), H. microlepis (Hc: 47; p <0,05 ), and C. knerii (Hc: 23,84; p <0,05), among the different stretches, however, for A. nuchalis (Hc: 0,46; p> 0,05), no differences , it was possible to conclude that the trophic ecology of the four species was the same along the stretches in the area of influence of the Curuá-Una UHE and the growth is within the limits established by Froese (2006), while the condition factor varied differently between the stretches for each species.
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3
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ELIZABETE DE MATOS SERRÃO
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FISHERIE AND TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE OF THE FISHERMEN OF A FLOOD LAKE IN THE LOW AMAZON: SUGGESTIONS FOR MANAGEMENT AND CONSERVATION
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Advisor : DIEGO MAIA ZACARDI
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COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
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DIEGO MAIA ZACARDI
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KEID NOLAN SILVA SOUZA
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ANTONIA DO SOCORRO PENA DA GAMA
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CHARLES HANRY FARIA JUNIOR
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Data: May 24, 2018
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Show Abstract
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This work aimed to analyze the traditional knowledge of fishermen about reproduction, feeding, habitat and behavior of the main fish species, as well as to describe socioeconomic aspects, fishing characteristics and the current situation of fishery resources, and to analyze the environmental perception of fishermen in identification of conflicts / problems in the region in order to gather subsidies to contribute to the management policies of the fishing resources of the region and that may be useful in the elaboration of the APA-Maicá management plan, helping to propose important strategies for the management, conservation and sustainability of the species and maintenance of the local fishing activity. Data were collected between march and december 2017 through semi-structured forms applied directly to fishermen associated with Fishermen's Colony and Fishermen Z-20 or who live in the communities and / or neighborhoods that are inserted in the proposed area for the implementation of APA-Maicá or are linked to one of the four existing Core Units in the area. For the ethno-ecological analysis, we interviewed 88 fishermen who had ten or more years of fishing experience in the region. Fishermen's knowledge was consistent, detailed and consistent with the scientific literature. The fishermen indicated the size of the first sexual maturity of the fish, information that added to the biology and reproduction of the species is extremely important in the formulation of measures of adequate fishing management to the region. It was also reported a diversity of items used in fish feed, in addition to the numerous habitats used by the species, which suggests the great dependence of the fish for this environment, either as a place of food, shelter or reproduction. A total of 96 fishermen were interviewed to characterize fishing activity, socioeconomic profile and environmental perception. The fishing activity in the Maicá region is presented as small-scale and artisanal, with the use of relatively simple equipment, with emphasis on the gillnet, preferably in motorized canoes and oars for the capture of 32 categories of fish. The main fishing site is the lake and its surroundings, used in all the seasonal periods, with predominance in the moments of full and ebb of the local hydrological cycle, proving itself as a relevant ecosystem and an important means of subsistence for these communities and / or neighborhoods that develop in their surroundings, being one of the main sources of occupation, food, subsistence and income. Fishermen's perception shows that they understand and have a broad environmental vision with awareness of the problems affecting the environment in which they live, such as the marked decrease in fish caused by actions of anthropic origin, among which of fishery that involves different actors), overfishing, deforestation and lack of inspection, as well as the socio-environmental conflicts existing in the region, always showing concern for the future of fishing in the region, which led to the suggestion of mitigating measures, such as APA-Maicá regulations. These results reinforce the importance of the incorporation of the traditional knowledge of the fishermen in the management plans, as well as the use of the relevant information of the socioeconomic components and of the fishing activity that must be used to measure the response of the fishing industry to the proposed management system.
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4
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MARIA APARECIDA DE LIMA SUZUKI
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TAXONOMIC COMPOSITION AND SPACE-TEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE ASSEMBLY OF FISH LARVES IN THE RESERVOIR OF CURUÁ-UNA, SANTARÉM, PARÁ
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Advisor : DIEGO MAIA ZACARDI
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COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
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DIEGO MAIA ZACARDI
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YNGLEA GEORGINA DE FREITAS GOCH
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DAVIA MARCIANA TALGATTI
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JOSE MAX BARBOSA DE OLIVEIRA JUNIOR
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Data: May 25, 2018
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Show Abstract
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The objective of this work is to investigate the performance of the longitudinal gradient of the Curuá-Una reservoir on the taxonomic composition, abundance, diversity and richness of ichthyoplankton species, to analyze the spatio-temporal distribution patterns of fish larvae and their relationship with the variables environmental, as a way to subsidize management policies and strategies for the conservation of natural resources, aiming at maintaining the fish stocks of the region. The biological material was collected using a 300 μm mesh of plankton coupled with a flowmeter during April 2016 to March 2017 in 12 collection stations distributed between the fluvial, transition and lacustrine zones of the reservoir . Environmental variables were measured in loco. 3,864 fish larvae were recorded, recorded in 30 taxa classified in 8 orders, 16 families, 25 genera and 27 species. In the fluvial environment the highest density of fish larvae was observed, also presenting greater richness, diversity, abundance and equitability. Microphilypnus tapajosensis, Caires 2013 was the species that most contributed with number of individuals at all points (89%). In relation to seasonality, the highest densities occurred during the rainy season. Significant differences were observed only between river and lake environments. It was not possible to observe a distribution pattern of the larvae separating the environments in lacustrine, transition and fluvial zone through the distribution of the species (result of the NMDS), as well as there was no significant difference in species composition (presence / absence) among the areas (result of Permanova). The loss of species along the longitudinal gradient supports the hypothesis that the impact caused by the riverbeds affected the local ichthyofauna, demonstrating that the area needs mitigating actions.With high densities of fish larvae close to tributary confluence, it is possible to determine that these environments are used for spawning and development for many species of fish and the presence of larvae throughout the studied region shows that several larval groups of fish complete their cycle of life in the reservoir, mainly small-sized and short-range migratory species. Therefore, it is necessary to implement management actions that aim at the maintenance and conservation of these environments, and consequently for the community of fish larvae.
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5
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JONAS DA SILVA COSTA
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The use of Myrcia sylvatica hydrolate (G.MEY.) DC. (Myrtaceae) as a sedative under simulated conditions of transport of juvenile tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum)
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Advisor : LENISE VARGAS FLORES DA SILVA
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COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
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LENISE VARGAS FLORES DA SILVA
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FRANK RAYNNER VASCONCELOS RIBEIRO
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RICARDO BEZERRA DE OLIVEIRA
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LUCIANO JENSEN VAZ
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Data: May 25, 2018
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Show Abstract
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The use of natual products in aquaculture has been intensifying, appearing as an alternative for improvement in production as food supplements, insecticides, anesthetics and sedatives. The objective of this work was to evaluate the use of the Myrcia sylvativa hydrolate (HMS) under simulated conditions of transport of tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) juveniles at different densities. Tambaqui juveniles (3 to 5 cm) were placed in plastic bags. For a 17 h simulated transport at loading densities of 30, 60 and 90 juveniles/L in three concentrations of HMS (2.5, 5 and 7.5%) and control water (CA). Survival was verified immediately after transport and after 24h (characterized as post-transport). The physical and chemical parameters of the water were evaluated before and after the transport (temperature, pH, alkalinity, hardness, dissolved oxygen, electrical conductivity and total dissolved solids), as well as the net flow of Na+, K+, Cl- ions and excretion of ammonia. In addition, the density of gill mucous cells was observed after transport. There was no significant difference in survival between treatments and densities. Temperature, hardness, total and non - ionized ammonia showed no significant difference between treatments and density. However, the pH presented a difference even at the initial values, reducing as a function of the increase in HMS concentration. The dissolved oxygen was significantly lower when the initial and final values were compared. Alkalinity and total dissolved solids increased significantly as a function of density. The conductivity and ionic flow (Na+, K+, Cl- . were lower in the treatment with 5% HMS mainly at higher density. The number of mucosal cells neutral and acidic gills was lower in 5% HMS at the higher charge density. The use of HMS at 5% concentration may be recommended for the transport of long-lived tambaqui juveniles 17h. Although it did not differ significantly from the control group in the percentage of survival, however, it presented low fluctuations in pH values at all densities and at the density of 90 fish / L it reduced the efflux of Na+ and K+ and Cl- ions, and did not stimulated the production of neutral and acidic gill mucosal cells, which proved to be a potential stress reducer and effective at higher densities. This work is the first study with the use of Myrcia sylvativa hydrolate with application in aquaculture management.
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6
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ALESSANDRA DE SOUSA SILVA
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Evaluation of the toxicological effect of atrazine in the retina of fingerlings Colossoma macropomum (CUVIER, 1818)
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Advisor : RUY BESSA LOPES
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COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
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RUY BESSA LOPES
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LUCINEWTON SILVA DE MOURA
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RICARDO BEZERRA DE OLIVEIRA
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MAXWELL BARBOSA DE SANTANA
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Data: May 25, 2018
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Show Abstract
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Atrazine is a herbicide that has physical-chemical characteristics that increase the chance of reaching groundwater. Among the most commercially available active ingredients in Brazil, atrazine ranked 3rd in the ranking in 2013 and is considered very toxic to aquatic organisms. Aims of this research was to evaluate the toxicological effect of atrazine on the retina of Colossoma macropomum fingerlings. Acute toxicity tests (5, 15, 30, 45 and 60 mg/L) were performed using the Trimmed Spearman-Karber method. In the chronic tests, the fingerlings were exposed to the following concentrations: 0.85, 4.2, 8.3 and 16.5 mg/L, and the retinal samples were then submitted to histological analysis and stained by the HE method. The LC5096h of atrazine for tambaqui fingerlings was 27.78 mg/L, with a lower limit of 22.49 mg/L and an upper limit of 34.22 mg/L, and the CENO concentration was 5 mg/L and the CEO was the concentration of 15 mg/L. In the chronic test, the morphological parameters of the cellular layers of the retina of the fingerlings were evaluated, which did not suffer any alterations between treatments. On the other hand, the literature points to the neurotoxic consequences of the exposure of fish species to acute and / or subacute concentrations of atrazine. We can base this assertion on the reported toxicity findings that bear references of behavioral changes by its authors, verified against the different concentrations of this compound, such as deviations from standard behaviors described as: irregular swimming, lethargy, accelerated water surface respiration, which were also observed during the present study. In addition, the results of water samples analyzed did not show sharp changes in values between treatments, both acute and chronic.
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7
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LUIZ AUGUSTO RODRIGUES FERREIRA
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Dynamics of Fishery activity and spatial fishing factors in the municipality of Alenquer contributions for the management
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Advisor : KEID NOLAN SILVA SOUZA
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COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
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KEID NOLAN SILVA SOUZA
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YNGLEA GEORGINA DE FREITAS GOCH
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TONY MARCOS PORTO BRAGA
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CARLOS EDWAR DE CARVALHO FREITAS
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Data: May 29, 2018
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Show Abstract
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The Municipality of Alenquer, located in the mesoregion of the Lower Amazon, has a fishing activity, so far little studied, probably because it is not part of the axis of the great fishing ports of the Amazon. This knowledge gap makes it difficult to understand the dynamics of fishing in the region, as well as its contribution to the Amazon fishery scenario. This study aimed to evaluate the dynamics of fishing and its spatial effects in the municipality of Alenquer. The information was collected through a participatory fishery monitoring between the years 2010 to 2016. The data were stored in a database with continuous fishing information. Data spatialization was performed using free software QGIS, version 2.14, for buffers, interpolation and vectorization. Monitoring the dynamics of fishing recorded 52,853 fisheries, with a total catch of 1,203,681 kg of fish and a gross financial volume of R $ 3,610,102.20. The fishermen used canoes, bajaras and boats as fishing vessels. For fishing, a variety of equipment was used, especially for gillnets. The catch was composed of 38 groups of fish. The groups of fish as surubim (Pseudoplatystoma punctifer, P. tigrinum); tucunaré (Cichla monoculus, Cichla sp ); curimatá (Prochilodus nigricans); pescada (Plagioscion squamosissimus; P. sp); aracu (Schizodon fasciatus, S. vittatus, Leporinus spp, Rhytiodus argenteofuscus, Laemolita taeniata); pirarara (Phractocephalus hemioliopterus); aruanã (Osteoglosum bicirrhosum); acara-açú (Astronotus crassipinnis; A. ocellatus) e pacu (Metynnis spp, Mylossoma duriventre, M. aureum)accounted for 77% of the total catch. The fisheries were mainly made in lakes (89%), with a record of 863,093 hours of fishing, presenting a better CPUE (1,23) and catch (1,058,969 kg) than paranás environments and rivers. Higher values of catch, CPUE and income occurred during the water ebb period. The lakes are extremely important environments for commercial fishing, all year round, with emphasis on the ebb period, whose catches are concentrated in sedentary species and small and large migratory species. The spatialization of the fishing dynamics allowed to verify that the fishermen operate in a radius of 44 km, exploring 106 fishing environments. The catch varied according to the magnitude of fishing effort practiced by the fishermen in the fishing environments. The environments were not fishing points with higher fishing frequencies in the respective years of prominence in the catch, indicating that the fishermen exploit these places in moments of fish concentration. There is territorial overlapping of the base nuclei in the use of fishing environments. With this, the present study proposed the definition of territorial units of fishery management of lakes, in an integrated, participatory and adaptive perception.
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8
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RAIELI CARVALHO RÊGO LIBERAL
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TAXONOMY AND SPACIAL AND TEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION OF Pinnularia EHRENBERG IN A FLOOD LAKE OF TAPAJÓS RIVER (SANTARÉM, AMAZONIA, BRAZIL)
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Advisor : SERGIO DE MELO
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COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
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SERGIO DE MELO
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KEID NOLAN SILVA SOUZA
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JOSE REINALDO PACHECO PELEJA
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DAVIA MARCIANA TALGATTI
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Data: May 30, 2018
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Show Abstract
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The aim of this work was to increase the taxonomic knowledge and the spatial and temporal distribution patterns of the genus Pinnularia in the Amazon region. The present study was carried out in Verde lake, a clear water flooding environment of the Tapajós river basin, located in the Alter do Chão Environmental Protection Area. The samples were collected monthly with plankton net (20 μm) at four sampling stations, from July 2016 to June 2017, totaling 48 samples, stored in 100 mL flasks and fixed with Transeau solution (Bicudo e Menezes, 2006). Concomitantly to the samples, measurements of pH, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen, temperature, water transparency and depth were performed. To carry out the analysis, aliquots of samples were submitted to the oxidation process for analysis by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Based on the observation of the permanent slides, the specific richness in the samples was recorded and the constancy index for each taxon was calculated. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was applied to detect interrelations between environmental variables and sampling stations. To verify if there was a significant difference in the community of Pinnularia, between seasons and between the periods of the flood pulse, the PERMANOVA test was applied using the Jaccard similarity index. The Redundancy Analysis (RDA) was performed to verify the significant relationships of the environmental variables on the community of Pinnularia. The diatom community of the genus Pinnularia consisted of 60 taxa (30 species, 11 varieties, 9 conferatum and 10 taxa identified in the generic level), Six of which were cited for the first time for the Brazilian Amazon: Pinnularia acuminata var. novazealandica, P. divergens var. media, P. graciloides var. rumrichae, P. parallela var. parallela, P. percuneata var. percuneata, P. tumescens, and 21 cited for the first time in the state of Pará: P. amazonica, P. aquaenigrae, P. boyeriformis, P. confirma, P. divergens var. malayensis, P. divergens var. mesoleptiformis, P. hyalina, P. instabiliformis, P. instabilis, P. liyanlingae, P. manausensis, P. meridiana var. concava, P. mollenhaueri, P. pogoii, P. polyonca, P. rostratissima var. ventricosa, P. sterrenburgii, P. subboyeri, P. tupensis, P. viridiformis, P. viridis. The species richness was higher during the decreasing water period (57 taxa), followed by low water periods (52 taxa), increasing water (48 taxa) and high waters (40 taxa). Regarding the hydrological cycle, the results showed that there was a significant difference in the population of Pinnularia genus in the periods of decreasing water, low waters and high waters. Spatially, the station called IM - Igarapé do Macaco differed from the other collection stations. The RDA indicated that the environmental variables depth and pH influence the distribution of most species of the genus in the Verde lake, where the majority of the taxa were associated to the low water and decreasing water periods, in which there are more acidic environments and with lower depths.
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9
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YURYANNE CARVALHO PINTO
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MERCURY DYNAMICS IN THE AREA OF INFLUENCE OF CURUÁ-UNA HYDROELECTRIC POWER PLANT, SANTARÉM - PA
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Advisor : YNGLEA GEORGINA DE FREITAS GOCH
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COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
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YNGLEA GEORGINA DE FREITAS GOCH
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SERGIO DE MELO
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ANDREIA CAVALCANTE PEREIRA
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BRUCE RIDER FORSBERG
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Data: Jun 7, 2018
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Show Abstract
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Mercury is a chemical element that presents high toxicity to living organisms. It bioaccumulates according to the weight and age of the individual, if it biomagnifies along the different trophic levels of the food chain, besides being transferred directly to the organism through the water. The present study aimed to investigate the dynamics of total mercury (HgT) in the UHE CuruáUna. Investigating the concentrations of HgT in muscular tissue of fish in different stretches in the UHE Curuá-Una; to verify the species that had concentrations within the limits allowed by WHO and ANVISA legislation; if the limnological variables influenced the concentrations of HgT and the bioconcentration of HgT in fish and periphyton in the different stretches in the UHE Curuá Una. The samples were collected in three different stretches (reservoir, transition and downstream) at UHE Curuá-Una, located in the western part of the state of Pará. All biological samples (water, fish and periphyton) were analyzed using the Atomic Fluorescence Cold Vapor (CVAFS). A total of 298 specimens were distributed in four species: Auchenipterus nuchalis (Spix & Agassiz, 1829) (n=58), Curimata knerii (Steindachnner, 1876) (n=62) and Hemiodus unimaculatus and Serrasalmus rhombeus (Linnaeus, 1766) (n=105). Only Hemiodus unimaculatus and Serrasalmus rhombeus showed significant differences between the different stretches, with H. unimaculatus presenting higher concentrations in the reservoir (150.24±96.26 ng.g1 ) and lower ones (78.40 ± 47.46 ng.g-1 ), and in S. rhombeus, the highest concentrations at the transition (427.45±245.51 ng.g-1 ) were observed, and the lower ones at the downstream (181.73 ± 76.18 ng.g-1 ). In the case of HgT concentrations, the upstream stretch (148.53±132.99 ng.g-1 ) was significantly different (H=23.46; p=0.0000) of the transition passages (292.47± 240.35 ng.g-1 ) and reservoir (249.52±232.36 ng.g-1 ). The concentrations of HgT between the trophic levels showed significant differences (H=136.30; p=0.000) between the concentrations of detritus feeding organisms (94.36±74.20 ng.g-1 ) and those of habit (324.97±245.61 ng.g-1 ) and insectivorous (338.26±203.04 ng.g-1 ), the latter two with higher concentrations. There was a significant difference in bioconcentration between trophic levels (H=81.93; p=0.00), demonstrating that the species that were at the lower trophic level of the trophic chain are bioconcentrating less (1.40±027 ng.g-1 ) than the top-chain species (2.01±0.32 ng.g-1 ). However, no significant differences were observed in the bioconcentration in the periphyton between the different stretches, but it was noteworthy to observe that the largest bioconcentration factor was transition (1.87 ng.g-1 ), followed by downstream (1.73 ng.g -1 ) and reservoir (1.62 ng.g-1 ) of the dam.
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10
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FRANCISCO LUTIANO PAIVA EUFRÁZIO
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ECOTOXICOLOGIA DO MERCÚRIO TOTAL EM PORÍFEROS DO SISTEMA FLUVIAL BAIXO TAPAJÓS, SANTARÉM – PARÁ, BRASIL
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Advisor : JOSE REINALDO PACHECO PELEJA
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COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
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JOSE REINALDO PACHECO PELEJA
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SERGIO DE MELO
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KEID NOLAN SILVA SOUZA
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BRUCE RIDER FORSBERG
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Data: Jun 8, 2018
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Show Abstract
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Concentrations of total mercury (HgT) in freshwater poriferous in Brazil were recorded for the first time. Concentrations of HgT were analyzed in poriferous of the Tapajós low hydrosystem from the mouth upstream in 65 kilometers stretch on the right bank of the river, relating them to spatial, environmental and limnological factors. The collections occurred in 12 river regions and seven lacustrine regions in the Tapajós river, in the municipality of SantarémPará, between the high water period and the beginning of the ebb of 2017. This work increased the number of freshwater poriferous species for the Tapajós river, from 16 to 20, with the increment of four new records: Drulia ctenosclera, Saturnospongilla carvalhoi, Tubella lanzamirandai and Metania reticulata. The mean concentration of HgT in the poriferous in the studied section of the Tapajós River was 40.8±3.9 ng.g.-1 , being higher in the lacustrine environment (40.6±23.4 ng.g.-1 ) than those in the fluvial environment (28.1±29.2 ng.g.-1 ). Regardless of the environment, mean concentrations of HgT were more significant in the Carapanarí region (70.0±24.1 ng.g.-1 ). When analyzing body mass, the Reproductive Tissue presented the highest concentrations of HgT (56.4±11.1 ng.g.-1 ). In Drulia uruguayensis, the concentrations of HgT in the Inner Vegetative Tissue were directly proportional to the vertical distribution in the water column, that is, the increase of the colonization depth of the species in the water column explained 43% of the source of variation of HgT between (r= 0.4271, p= 0.0038), whereas Drulia brownii showed a negative correlation with pH (r= -0.55, p= 0.042), Silica (r= -0.58, p= 0.028) and Potassium (r= -0.76, p= 0.001) in the Reproductive Tissue and with Sodium (r= -0.55, p= 0.033) in the Internal Vegetative Tissue. D. uruguayensis and D. brownii were the species with the highest occurrence (52.8%), being sampled in most regions and environments. The variations in HgT concentrations in the trophic levels are directly related to the alimentary habit of each organism. In the case of poriferous, concentrations of HgT were considered low when compared to the concentrations in other aquatic organisms, however, due to their sessility and filtering habit, they may reflect the specific situation of each environment, being proposed as biomonitors of environmental pollution.
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11
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SILVANA CRISTINA SILVA DA PONTE
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COMPOSIÇÃO E ABUNDÂNCIA DO ICTIOPLÂNCTON EM UM LAGO DE INUNDAÇÃO, BAIXO AMAZONAS, PARÁ
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Advisor : DIEGO MAIA ZACARDI
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COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
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DIEGO MAIA ZACARDI
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SHEYLA REGINA MARQUES COUCEIRO
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BRUNO BRAULINO BATISTA
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JOSE MAX BARBOSA DE OLIVEIRA JUNIOR
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Data: Jul 13, 2018
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Show Abstract
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O presente trabalho tem como objetivo identificar a composição taxonômica, verificar a abundância e caracterizar a distribuição temporal do ictioplâncton nas regiões de águas abertas do lago e a relação dos organismos com as variavéis ambientais, como forma de auxiliar na definição de melhores práticas de uso sustentável da biodiversidade que têm se mostrado cada vez mais importante no cenário atual. As coletas foram realizadas no período diurno e noturno no ano de 2015, em nove estações de amostragem, localizados no lago Maicá próximo à cidade de Santarém. Foram realizados arrastos horizontais na subsuperfície da coluna d'água, com rede de plâncton (300m). Foram capturados 2.525 ovos e 6.961 larvas de peixes, classificadas em 63 táxons e distribuídas em 10 ordens, 25 famílias, 41 gêneros e 53 espécies, a maioria das espécies são migradoras e de importância comercial. A ordem dos Characiformes (41,79%) e Clupeiformes (31,48%) foram mais abundantes, somando 73,27% do total de larvas capturadas. As maiores densidades de ovos e larvas foram capturadas no mês de janeiro e dezembro (5,92 ovos/10m3 e 54,46 larvas/10m³) correspondendo à época de reprodução da maioria das espécies de peixes explorados pela pesca na região. A composição de larvas diferiu ao longo dos meses (Pseudo F=0,94; p<0,01), indicando um gradiente de sazonalidade, com pico de larvas em diferentes meses mostrando que as espécies de peixes têm estratégia reprodutiva distintas. Dos táxons identificados as larvas de Mylossoma aureum e M. albiscopum, Plagioscion squamosissimus e Engraulidae, foram as mais abundantes. Em relação ao ciclo diário diferenças significativas foram detectadas, com maiores densidades de ovos (35,29 ovos/10m³) e larvas (76,62 larvas/10m³) registrada e no período noturno. Dos táxons identificados, apenas 1 taxa foi registrado de dia, 34 somente pela noite e 27 táxons ocorreram tanto de dia quanto de noite. Quanto aos estágios de desenvolvimento 98,65% dos ovos encontravam-se em clivagem inicial e 70,78% das larvas no estágio de pré-flexão. A variação do índice pluviométrico e oxigênio dissolvido, foram as variáveis ambientais que melhor explicam o padrão de distribuição temporal do ictioplâncton. Os resultados confirmam que várias espécies de peixes, têm utilizado o lago Maíca como área de desova e criadouro natural, ressaltando assim a sua importância para a reprodução, consequentemente, para a manutenção das espécies de peixes no trecho baixo do Rio Amazonas, evidenciando a necessidade de sua preservação.
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JORDSON DE SOUZA E SOUZA
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TAXONOMIC REVIEW OF GENRE SPECIES Trachelyopterichthys BLEEKER, 1862 (SILURIFORMS: AUCHENIPTERIDAE)
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Advisor : FRANK RAYNNER VASCONCELOS RIBEIRO
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COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
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FRANK RAYNNER VASCONCELOS RIBEIRO
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ALFREDO PEDROSO DOS SANTOS JUNIOR
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SIRIA LISANDRA DE BARCELOS RIBEIRO
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LUCIA HELENA RAPP PY DANIEL
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Data: Aug 7, 2018
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Show Abstract
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The species of Trachelyopterichthys were reviewed. Specimens available at museums were analyzed, as well as comparisons of original descriptions. The validity of the species was tested by means of statistical comparisons of measurements and counts and qualitative analyzes of internal and external anatomy. The representatives of Trachelyopterichthys are distributed in tributaries of the Amazon and Orinoco river basins. Three valid species are recognized in the genus, one of them new to science. Trachelyopterichthys taeniatus, type species of the genus, is the most widely distributed representative. Trachelyopterichthys anduzei is restricted to the Orinoco River basin. A dichotomous key for identification of valid species of the genus is provided.
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13
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THAIS PATRICIO TORRES
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ECOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF ICTIOFAUNA OF SLEEP RIVER DRAINAGE, TOCANTINS RIVER BASIN, BRAZIL
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Advisor : FRANK RAYNNER VASCONCELOS RIBEIRO
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COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
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FRANK RAYNNER VASCONCELOS RIBEIRO
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YNGLEA GEORGINA DE FREITAS GOCH
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LENISE VARGAS FLORES DA SILVA
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RAFAEL DE FRAGA
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Data: Aug 31, 2018
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Show Abstract
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The Sono River is a clear-water affluent of the right bank of the upper-middle Tocantins river, formed by the rivers Novo and Soninho. This work aimed to investigate the biotic or abiotic factors that may influence the structure of fish assemblages in the Sono River drainage in three different periods of the hydrological cycle. Fish sampling and environmental variables were performed at nine sampling points, in the months of January 2016 (flood period), April 2016 (ebb period) and June 2016 (drought period), using holding nets, spines, traps, sieves, traps and trawl nets and electrofishing. A total of 1.838 individuals belonging to 111 species, 78 genera, 25 families and seven orders were collected. The most abundant species were Rhinopetitia sp., Bryconops aff. melanurus and Geophagus proximus. An analysis of variance revealed significant differences in the richness recorded during the flood period of those recorded in the ebb and dry periods. The values of abundance and equitability obtained in the drought period were different significantly from those recorded during the flood and ebb period, and a significant difference was observed in the diversity between flood and ebb periods. The temporal difference was significant in the fish species composition between the periods for qualitative and quantitative data. Richness was positively correlated with temperature. Equitability was positively correlated with pH and dissolved oxygen. Richness, abundance and diversity were negatively correlated with turbidity and positively correlated with equitability. The dissolved oxygen had a significant influence on the abundance of the species. In addition to this variable, the distance of the mouth and the total dissolved solids were the variables that showed a strong correlation with the abundance of the species. Was verified a significant difference of the trophic guilds in the three sampled periods. The knowledge of environmental factors, such as dissolved oxygen, turbidity, temperature and pH influencing the structure of fish assemblages, reinforces the need to elaborate management measures that seek to ensure the integrity of the biological assemblages in the Sono River drainage.
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14
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FABRICIA BRAGA DUARTE
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Aquatic macroinvertebrates as bioindicators of water quality in fish farms in Santarém-Pa
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Advisor : SHEYLA REGINA MARQUES COUCEIRO
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COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
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SHEYLA REGINA MARQUES COUCEIRO
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DIEGO MAIA ZACARDI
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KEID NOLAN SILVA SOUZA
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DIEGO RAMOS PIMENTEL
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Data: Sep 14, 2018
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Show Abstract
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In general, measurements of physico-chemical variables are used to determine the quality of water in fish farming. However, these are punctual, with more representative effects when associated with biological indicators. Water quality variables can reflect on growth, reproduction, health, survival and quality of fish, compromising the success of aquaculture systems, hence the importance of evaluating and monitoring breeding systems. The objective of this study was to determine the efficiency of aquatic macroinvertebrate fauna to be used in the biomonitoring of water quality in fish farms in the municipality of Santarém - PA, in addition to testing the application of the Family Biotic Index (IBF) of the water in these nurseries. Samplings of the macroinvertebrates were carried out in 17 nurseries of three fish farms that work in Santarém - PA, during the months of November to December 2017. A total of 1,016 larvae of aquatic macroinvertebrates were collected, distributed in 15 genera, 10 families and six orders. The Diptera order was the most representative with 821 specimens. Of the variables analyzed, temperature, dissolved oxygen in water, potassium K and clay were significantly related to insect abundance. It was verified, also by half of the multiple linear regression, that there is no trend of the metric wealth of aquatic insects is related to any of the environmental variables sampled.
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