"CULTURE AND IDENTITY: AN ANALYSIS OF THE TERRITORIALIZATION PROCESS OF THE MOCAMBEIRAS/QUILOMBOLAS COMMUNITIES IN THE MUNICIPALITIES OF THE LOWER AMAZON REGION IN WESTERN PARÁ"
Cultural Identity; Territorialization; Heritage-making; Amazon.
The present dissertation study focuses on the struggle for territorial demarcation of communities of remnants of quilombo/mocambo (CRQM) in the mesoregion of Lower Amazona Region, located in western Pará, Brazil. This area, home to numerous communities of formerly enslaved people, is distinguished by its rich sociocultural and geographic diversity, as well as a valuable historical heritage. The achievements of these communities in the demarcation of their territories are the direct result of the strengthening of collective experiences, the preservation of their traditions and memories, and the practice of their customs that sustain and shape their cultural identities. We concentrated studies on four mocambo/quilombo communities to guide our investigation. Two of them are in floodplain areas, one titled, CRQM Nossa Senhora das Graças Paraná de Baixo, and another still in process, that is CRQM Mondongo. The other two are in upland areas, one titled, that is CRQM Arapucu, and one not titled, CRQM Patauá do Umirizal. The research seeks to answer the following scientific question: "How do the processes of territorialization influence the construction of the cultural identity of quilombo/mocambo communities in the city of Óbidos, in the Lower Amazon region, in western Pará?" The main objective of the study is to analyses how mocambo/quilombo communities have faced the challenges of the land titling process throughout their historical trajectory. We highlight the analysis of the cultural dimension among specific objectives to understand how it influences the identity of residents and establishes, or not, ties of belonging to. To achieve this, qualitative methodological procedures were employed, incorporating oral history as a primary approach, alongside the collection and analysis of documents obtained from associations and governmental institutions. The research drew scientific and academic support from the theoretical frameworks of Thompson (2002), Pollak (1992), Halbwachs (1990), and Bosi (1994). Additionally, the works of Funes (2022), Paulino (2018), and Azevedo (2002) were utilized to provide deeper insights into the struggles faced by these communities in their pursuit of recognition and the official titling of their territories in the Lower Amazon region.