Occurrence Profile of American Tegumentary and Visceral Leishmaniasis in the Metropolitan Region of Santarém, Pará. An environmental look.
Epidemiology, Leishmania, Sandflies, Amazon
Contamination by American and visceral cutaneous leishmaniasis is a public health problem, considered a neglected disease, especially in tropical countries where access to health services is difficult. The transmission of leishmania occurs due to the bite of the female mosquito of several species of phlebotomies of Diptera origin, of the family Psychodidae; subfamily Phebotominae, of the genera Lutzomya; in Brazil it is better known as Leishmania Chagasi, having as its host the dog and man in a secondary way. The present study aimed to characterize the profile of occurrences of American cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis, through cases reported in the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN) in the period from 2016 to 2022, in the metropolitan region of Santarém-PA. A descriptive, retrospective, documental study with a quantitative approach was carried out using secondary data on cases of American cutaneous leishmaniasis and human visceral leishmaniasis, reported by the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN). The results were systematized in spreadsheets, analyzed through descriptive statistics presented in the form of graphs. The research showed that in the period studied, 1,070 cases of American cutaneous leishmaniasis and 728 cases of human visceral leishmaniasis were reported, with the highest number of occurrences for cutaneous leishmaniasis recorded in 2019 and visceral leishmaniasis in 2017. Regarding the profile of individuals affected by the disease for cases of American leishmaniasis, the predominant age group was from 20 to 29 years and in visceral leishmaniasis were children from 0 to 9 years old and for both the predominant sex is male, the predominant race for both was brown and both reached the population with low school level. According to the findings, it is concluded that the identification of the profile of American cutaneous leishmaniasis and human visceral leishmaniasis subsidize and guide public policies aimed at the prevention and reduction of cases of American cutaneous leishmaniasis and human visceral leishmaniasis, consequently, improvements in the completion of the notification form.