“BETWEEN BAMBURROS, BREFOS AND TRIPS”: AN ETHNOGRAPHIC STUDY ABAUT GOLD ARTISANAL AND SMALL-SCALE MINING IN THE TAPAJÓS REGION”
Artisanal and small-scale mining. Miners. Tapajós Region. Amazon. Gold.
This research focuses on the socio-historical development of the modern phase of artisanal and small-scale mining (from the 1950s to the present day) of gold in the Tapajós region, located in the southwest of Pará. This is an economic sector surrounded by ambiguities, because at the same time that it is thriving in financial transactions of millions of reais annually, it is also marked by historical social conflicts and by the degradation and contamination of the natural resources of the Amazon rainforest. Currently, the activity corresponds to the direct income of approximately 35,000 prospectors in the Tapajós region alone, where around 2,000 gold extraction points are concentrated, operating in different organizational, technical and investment levels of capital and technology. , constituting a complex commercial network of supply and services, inputs and equipment, which is organized at regional, national and international levels, based on the commercialization of the gold product, which in most cases is negotiated under informal and illegal conditions. The main objective is to analyze how the production models of artisanal and small-scale mining are structured in the region with the consolidation of the use of backhoe technology in the production process, focusing on the relationships and working conditions of the miners, seeking to understand the technical knowledge, the trajectories and migratory flows of these workers. Connected to these purposes, there is the intention to identify how artisanal and small-scale mining promotes environmental and social impacts of land use change in the region. The methodological proposition of the research is built on the mode of production of knowledge of ethnography. As a result, it is expected to understand and describe how the productive structures that currently explore gold in the Tapajós region are organized and operated and under what working conditions the miners extract ores from the Amazonian soil.