ARCHEOMETRIC INVESTIGATION OF BLACK EARTH SOIL FROM SITE BITOCA (Amazon Region, Brazil)
Amazonian Dark Earth; GEOCHEMISTRY; ARCHEOMETRY; Characterization
The Amazon region is characterized by the presence of anthropogenic soils, whose formation was due to the presence of human activities of people who lived in the pre-colonial period. These soils, also known as Terra Preta de Indio (TPI) are known by high levels of macro and micronutrients, biochair, organic matter, archaeological ceramics and lithic material. In this work, the chemical-mineral properties of TPI soils from the Bitoca I and II sites (Amazon Region) were investigated through archeometric techniques such as: X-ray diffractometry (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) ), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), total chemical and fertility/nutrient analysis for CTC, SB, pH. The results showed the presence of minerals typical of Amazonian soils (kaolinite, quartz, anatase, hematite, goethite and gibbsite), high levels of macro and micronutrients, as well as the presence of cauxi and cariapé, being well correlated with those already described for Amazonian Dark Earth.