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Thesis |
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1
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DÁRLISON FERNANDES CARVALHO DE ANDRADE
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Effect of fire on tree vegetation dynamics of a managed forest in Tapajós National Forest, Pará, Brazil
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Advisor : JOAO RICARDO VASCONCELLOS GAMA
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COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
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JOAO RICARDO VASCONCELLOS GAMA
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LUCIETA GUERREIRO MARTORANO
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VICTOR HUGO PEREIRA MOUTINHO
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RODRIGO FERREIRA FADINI
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RAFAEL RODE
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LIA DE OLIVEIRA MELO
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Data: Jan 28, 2020
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Show Abstract
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Among the disturbances of anthropic origin that occur in tropical forests, fire and its long-term impacts are still poorly known, especially when there are interactions with selective logging. With the monitoring of permanent plots, it is possible to describe the recovery trajectory and better understand the resilience mechanisms of the forest after the occurrence of fires. The objective of my thesis was to answer the following question: how does fire affect the recovery trajectory of a mature forest subjected to selective logging in the Brazilian Amazon? To tackle this question, it was used a set of 60 plots of 0.25 ha (50 m x 50 m; 12 sample hectares) installed in the Tapajós National Forest on 180 hectares of a mature terra firme forest with a history of forest management (1982) and fire (1997), monitored through frequent measurements of trees with DBH ≥ 5 cm, from 1981 to 2012 (31 years). To determine the disturbance effects, basal area, mortality rates, recruitment rates, and species diversity, were compared through Repeated Measures Variance Analysis (ANOVA) and Linear Mixed Effect Models (MLM). The results show that in the Brazilian Amazon, Dense Ombrophilous Forest is resilient to fire. In a short time (15 years after the fire), the undisturbed native forest is able to stabilize its mortality rates and forest structure remains similar to its original conditions, mostly due to mortality is concentrated among small trees (DBH < 20 cm). However, the maintenance of high recruitment rates and the strong presence of pioneer tree species are an indicative that the forest is still recovering. In managed forests affected by fire, logging intensity is a determining factor in the dynamics of tree vegetation, and therefore the resilience of the forest is directly associated with previous conditions of forest structure (basal area and presence of large trees). The combination of reduced impact logging, non-commercial species thinning, and small fires did not cause losses in species diversity, although heavy thinning alters the species composition. In short, forests, with no history of frequent and severe disturbances, are more fire resistant and resilient.
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2
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NERIANE NASCIMENTO DA HORA
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SISTEMAS DE CO-MANEJO PESQUEIRO COM ENFOQUE NO PIRARUCU (Arapaima spp.) EM COMUNIDADES DE VÁRZEA DO BAIXO AMAZONAS: estrutura institucional e custos de transação
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Advisor : DAVID GIBBS MCGRATH
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COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
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ANTONIA DO SOCORRO PENA DA GAMA
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DAVID GIBBS MCGRATH
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DIEGO MAIA ZACARDI
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JARSEN LUIS CASTRO GUIMARAES
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ORIANA TRINDADE DE ALMEIDA
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TONY MARCOS PORTO BRAGA
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Data: Jan 31, 2020
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Show Abstract
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Co-management, social participation in the regulation, monitoring, and enforcement of the natural resources use and access has been defended as a way for fisheries resources sustainability and conservation. However, fisheries' co-management systems may suffer by uncertainties due to the migratory and ‘invisible’ characteristics of fishes. The focus on easy monitoring species and of high economic value increase incentives and certainty about the advantages of co-management. Pirarucu (Arapaima spp.) has biological and ecological characteristics that allow easy monitoring, population short-term recover, and its high commercial value generates incentives for the species management. This study aimed to identify the main drivers of pirarucu co-management performance, taking into consideration the benefits and transaction costs evaluation in systems of pirarucu co-management of the Lower Amazon floodplain, located in the municipalities of Santarém and Alenquer, Pará State. It was developed by fieldwork in six floodplain communities: Água Preta, Pixuna, Santa Maria and Tapará Miri, from Santarém, and Salvação and Urucurituba from Alenquer. The data collection was developed by interviews, observation, fishing participative monitoring of general species and pirarucu, forms application and secondary data survey. The results indicate the are high transaction costs faced by communities, mainly because of enforcement effort. High level of social capital and consolidated institutions are needed for communities to overcome overfishing collective dilemma since fishing management scenario is marked by weak government presence, generating a high degree of free-riding of external fishermen. To include the transaction costs analyze against co-management advantages helps to better clarify the main drivers of collective action of fisheries in the Amazon.
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3
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JÉSSICA DA SILVA AZEVEDO
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Diversity of periphytic diatoms (Bacillariophyta) in the Curuá Una reservoir (Santarém, Amazon, Brazil).
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Advisor : SERGIO DE MELO
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COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
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DIEGO MAIA ZACARDI
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JOAO RICARDO VASCONCELLOS GAMA
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JOSE MAX BARBOSA DE OLIVEIRA JUNIOR
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MAXWELL BARBOSA DE SANTANA
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SERGIO DE MELO
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THIAGO ALMEIDA VIEIRA
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Data: Feb 28, 2020
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Show Abstract
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The Curuá-Una Hydroeletric plant, located south of the city of Santarém-PA, was built in the 70s and was the first in the region. The construction of hydroelectric plants, and consequently the reservoirs that form part of them, substantially interfere with the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of the aquatic system, affecting water quality. Therefore, knowledge of aquatic organisms and the food chain of a reservoir is of great importance, because the presence or absence of certain species and the composition of existing communities serve as indicators of the “status” of water quality. The diatoms are main algae in the periphytic communities. In addition to the fundamental contribution to the trofic chain, they can also be used efficiently in the assessment of environmental conditions in rivers, streams, reservoirs and lakes. Aiming to investigate the composition (floristic survey) of the periphytic diatom community of the Curuá-Una reservoir (Santarém-PA), as well as analyzing the distribution of this community of periphytic algae in the river and Curuá-una reservoir in relation to abiotic data, this study carried out collections between the months of May 2016 and April 2017 in six different sites, distributed over of the Curua-Una reservoir (transiotional zone/ influence lotic places), mouth of the Moju and Mojui rivers (transiotinal zone/ influence lotic environment) and reservoirs (lake zone) in two periods (less rainy and rainy) totaling 24 samples. Measurements were taken in each sampling in situ of physical and chemical varieties of water, like: depth (m), water transparency (m), water temperature (ºC), dissolved oxygen (DO: mg.L-1), conductivity (μS.cm-1), and pH were also measured with aid of the probe multiparameter AKSO model AK88. The environmental variables such as: turbidity (NTU), Ammonium (mg. L-1), Nitrate (mg. L-1), Phosphorus (mg. L-1), Silicate (mg. L-1) and biochemical demand –BOD (mg. L-1) were also measured. Periphytic diatoms were obtained using artificial substrates (samplers) type EDS (Epilithic Diatom Sampler) In total, 172 taxa were recorded throughout the sample, belonging to 34 genus and 21 families. The most representatives’ genus was Eunotia Ehrenberg (57%), Gomphonema Ehrenberg (15%), Frustulia Rabenhorst (15%) and Encyonema Kützing (13%). The Shannon diversity ranged from H’=1,51 to H’=3,18 in the reservouir in the rainy season between H’= 1,68 to H’= 3,09 from less rainy season. Among the variables evaluated in this study, electrical conductivity was the environmental variable most altered in the rainy season by the degradation conditions found throughout the reservoir. The results PERMANOVA and the PCO revealed the existence of a spatial pattern between the samplers, and that diatoms community is structured in three distinct groups. Canonical correspondence analysis showed that the composition of the periphytic diatoms is strongly associated by the environmental variables conductivity, pH, BOD, ammonium, silica, temperature and transparency. It was also possible to observe that most of the registered species were considered rare, some species stood out as sporadic and few were considered frequent or constant. The results observed in the present study showed a high diversity of taxa throughout the sample when compared with other studies carried out with EDS type samplers in Brazil, in addition, it provided a better understanding of the floristic composition of the periphery in Amazonian aquatic environments. The Curuá-Una reservoir is relatively preserved, however it shows signs of mild to moderate degree of anthropic influence, which are associated with the inadequate use of the soil around this aquatic environment.
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4
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LUIS ALIPIO GOMES
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Environmental Curriculum at the Federal University of Western Pará
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Advisor : TANIA SUELY AZEVEDO BRASILEIRO
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COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
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CLARIDES HENRICH DE BARBA
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JARSEN LUIS CASTRO GUIMARAES
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JOAO RICARDO VASCONCELLOS GAMA
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NELCILENE DA SILVA PALHANO CAVALCANTE
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TANIA SUELY AZEVEDO BRASILEIRO
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THIAGO ALMEIDA VIEIRA
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Data: Mar 5, 2020
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Show Abstract
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Environmental issues such as pollution, degradation, natural resources, energy and food crises, appeared in the last decades of the 20th century, generating a crisis of civilization (LEFF, 2002). Nowadays in modern society, universities are well-positioned institutions to facilitate the transition to sustainability. The question of this thesis is how the relationship between Higher Education and Sustainability occurs at the Federal University of Western Pará in the Amazon context? The general objective is to analyze the relationship between Higher Education and Sustainability at the Federal University of Western Pará, considering the Amazonian context. As specific objectives: to identify the characteristics of Environmental Curriculum (EC) at Ufopa and in its undergraduate courses; understand how Environmental Curriculum has been perceived by different segments of undergraduate courses; to identify innovative Environmental Curriculum practices in undergraduate courses. As methodology it was adopted the bibliographic, documentary and empirical research (GIL, 1999; LAKATOS; MARCONI, 2003). The research was base in a qualitative-quantitative approach. The following data collection instruments were used: semi-structured interview with course coordinators and teachers, in addition to the application of the electronic questionnaire to students of undergraduate courses who expressed interest in participating.. The “Content Analysis” (BARDIN, 1977) was used as a method of analysis and it was supported by the NVivo version 12 plus program for the treatment and discussion data. The results indicated that some characteristics of the EC are present in the Statute and General Regulation, mainly in the mission, vision and principles contained in the Institutional Development Plan (IDP). When analyzing the objectives, competences and skills, the profile of the graduate and the curriculum of the subjects of the undergraduate courses, the presence of some characteristics of the EC was noted. Innovative practices involved the dimensions of teaching, research and extension with emphasis on Curricular Flexibility and some pedagogical strategies adopted by different teachers. A small number of students registered the fact that they felt little or not prepared for the socio-environmental approach in the classroom, even considering the transversality of the theme. This data analyses reveal the necessity to re-plan some actions within the scope of the courses. In the final considerations, some recommendations were made to move forward in terms of EC, mainly in the discussion of teacher training. The concept and characteristics of EC brought important contributions to the discussion on sustainability at Ufopa. However, it cannot be denied that the approach to sustainability in Higher Education remains a challenge and a source for the continuity and conduct of new research.
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5
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ALINE DA PAIXÃO PREZOTTO SANTOS
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BODY-NATURE IN AN AMAZON FLOODPLAIN: a study of experiences with the phenomenon of fallen lands in São Ciríaco do Urucurituba / Stm-Pa.
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Advisor : TANIA SUELY AZEVEDO BRASILEIRO
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COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
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TANIA SUELY AZEVEDO BRASILEIRO
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THIAGO ALMEIDA VIEIRA
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LUCIANA GONCALVES DE CARVALHO
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HERGOS RITOR FROES DE COUTO
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JOSÉ PEREIRA DE MELO
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FLAVIO RODRIGUES DO NASCIMENTO
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EDNA FERREIRA COELHO GALVÃO
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Data: Mar 27, 2020
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Show Abstract
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The theme of this doctoral thesis addresses the body-nature relationship based on the experiences lived of riverside dwellers with the phenomenon of fallen lands in an Amazonian floodplain. For this study we assume as a general objective to understand the senses and meanings of the experiences lived in the body-nature relationship in face of the seasonality of the Amazon River and the phenomenon of fallen lands of residents of the São Ciríaco do Urucurituba community in Santarém-Pará. And as specific objectives: to present the experiences lived with the seasonality and the phenomenon of the lands fallen in the floodplain; to present and describe the meanings of the experiences lived by the residents from the body-nature relationship and their strategies to face the seasonality of the floodplain and the fallen lands; and to analyze the senses that lead residents to remain in an environment susceptible to seasonal changes, as well as to the risks of material and immaterial damage resulting from the phenomena of fallen lands. We used Qualitative Research, conducting a case study supported by Phenomenology according to Merleau-Ponty and centered on the structure of the situated phenomenon. The constitution of the data occurred through direct observation of the studied community and the reports made by the residents during the phenomenological interviews.The conclusions express the meaning of a riverside body that has experience of living with nature, develops environmental perception and creates strategies for coexistence and survival based on the skills acquired through years of learning in the Amazonian floodplain. As well as, the sense of staying in place announces a relational and esthetic riverside body, which is incarnated in the life-world capable of maintaining the constituted relationships and using natural resources as means of survival. Therefore, this doctoral thesis, based on phenomenological assumptions, proposes other ways of thinking about the riverside-floodplain relationship, in addition to technical-functionalist views, in order to reflect on complex realities, such as this one of the studied Amazon context.
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6
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FÁBIO EDIR AMARAL ALBUQUERQUE
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STUDY ON THE ACCUMULATION OF MERCURY AND OTHER TOXIC ELEMENTS ASSOCIATED WITH MINING ACTIVITY IN AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS IN THE WESTERN PARÁ (BRAZIL)
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Advisor : ANTONIO HUMBERTO HAMAD MINERVINO
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COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
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ANTONIO HUMBERTO HAMAD MINERVINO
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SERGIO DE MELO
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JOSE MAX BARBOSA DE OLIVEIRA JUNIOR
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GUSTAVO DA SILVA CLAUDIANO
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VICTOR PEREIRA LESTAYO
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MARTA INÉS MIRANDA CASTAÑÓN
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Data: Mar 31, 2020
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Show Abstract
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In the last twenty years, the region of the lower Amazon has experienced great economic growth, which is due to the creation of a new agricultural frontier in the country, which has become the second largest grain producing region in the Brazilian Amazon. In view of the recent advances and mineral exploration projects implemented in the region, the objective of this thesis was to evaluate the concentrations of toxic (As, Cd, Hg and Pb) and essential metals (Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Se and Zn) in aquatic organisms from different municipalities in the Western region of Pará and compare them with the maximum limits allowed by law. In chapter 1, a review of the existing literature on the levels of heavy metals found in the main fishing species consumed in the region and identification of capture sites was carried out. The results obtained suggest that there is a large number of studies available on the concentration of mercury in fish in the region, with results that vary depending on biological and dietary aspects and the location of their habitat. The results reveal that contamination by Hg is evidenced mainly in carnivorous fish. This is worrying, as these fish are among the most consumed species in the region, they accumulate metals through bioaccumulation and biomagnification processes. The results of the chapter 2 study, the level of accumulation of toxic and essential metals in shrimp was similar to that described in other regions affected by anthropogenic activities in Brazil, and does not represent a significant risk for human consumption. The accumulation of metals between the Amazon and Tapajós rivers seems to be related to the bauxite and gold mines in the two regions, respectively. In the study of chapter 3, which included samples of muscle tissue from fish species (Acari, Piranha, Pirarucu, Caparari and Tucunaré) collected during the dry and flood seasons between the years 2015 and 2016. The results showed that the accumulation of toxic elements ranged from 2-238 µg / kg of fresh weight for As, 1-77 µg / kg for Cd, 4-1922 µg / kg for Hg and 1-30 µg / kg for Pb, exceeding only (16% of the carnivorous species) the maximum concentrations of mercury in fish for human consumption established in Brazilian legislation (0.5 mg / kg). Associations have been found between mercury and essential elements, iron, cobalt and manganese, since these elements may have a role in mercury cycling and methylation and deserve further evaluation to reduce mercury toxicity in aquatic environments. The results found in the study of chapter 4, which aimed to assess the feasibility of using various species of fish (Acari and Tucunaré) and tissues (liver and muscle) to monitor the accumulation of toxic and essential elements in the aquatic ecosystem. The results clearly demonstrated the possibility of using these fish species for studies on the biomonitoring of concentrations of toxic and essential elements in the aquatic environment. While the Tucunaré liver is the best tissue for biomonitoring elements that accumulate in the food chain (such as mercury), the Acarí liver better reflects the elements commonly accumulated in sediments (such as arsenic). In addition, the profiles of essential metals studied using multivariate chemometric techniques showed a clear difference between specimens from the waters of the Andes Mountains (sampling sites located in the main course of the Amazon Basin) with high concentrations of sediments, from Guyana and Brazilian shields ( Porto Trombetas and Itaituba on the Trombetas and Tapajós rivers, respectively). Our results also indicate that the deposition of elements in fresh fish in this area seems to be mainly related to the geological origin of the soils; large quantities of toxic elements can be mobilized for the aquatic ecosystem due to human activities (including intensive agriculture, mineral extraction, deforestation and / or hydroelectric), which pose a serious danger to the environment and the health of coastal communities.
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7
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ANDRE DAS CHAGAS SANTOS
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Uso do território e dinâmicas territoriais na região da rodovia Santarém Curuá-una (PA 370): O exemplo da realidade da comunidade de Boa Esperança
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Advisor : JARSEN LUIS CASTRO GUIMARAES
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COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
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ABNER VILHENA DE CARVALHO
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EDILAN DE SANT ANA QUARESMA
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EDNEA DO NASCIMENTO CARVALHO
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JARSEN LUIS CASTRO GUIMARAES
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TANIA SUELY AZEVEDO BRASILEIRO
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THIAGO ALMEIDA VIEIRA
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Data: May 15, 2020
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Show Abstract
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The understanding of the process of occupation of the Amazon goes through the analysis of the development policies implemented by the State in the region, starting in the 1960s. Within the scope of the set of actions focused, initially, on national integration, the opening of highways was a necessary subsidy to reach the proposed objectives, in addition to the formation of an urban network, as a logistical base of occupation. In this context, countless population nuclei, both induced and spontaneous, appear in the region, such as the Boa Esperança Community, in the municipality of Santarém, western Pará. In this context, this study aims to analyze the changes in the use and occupation of the territory in the Community of Boa Esperança, located in Santarém, western region of Pará, from the 1960s to 2020. bibliographic, journalistic and documentary revision and field research. The origin of the Boa Esperança community is related to the construction of PA-370 (Santarém-Curuá-Una) and the Sylvio Braga Hydroelectric Plant, also known as the Curuá-Una hydroelectric plant, works resulting from the demands of local politicians. There were three phases in its historical and territorial development process: a) Extractive; b) Formation and consolidation; Specialization in Production and Agribusiness. In this development process, the community underwent important transformations and was inserted in the logic of capitalist reproduction, and follows the trend of a process of urbanization and modernization of its productive activities inserted in a capitalist logic of accumulation and concentration of socially produced wealth. The understanding of the occupation process in the Amazon goes through the analysis of the development policies implemented by the State in the region, starting in the 1960s. Within the scope of the set of actions focused, initially, on national integration, the opening of highways was a necessary subsidy to reach the proposed objectives, in addition to the formation of an urban network, as a logistical base of occupation. In this context, numerous population nuclei arise, both induced and spontaneous, such as the Community of Boa Esperança, in the municipality of Santarém, western Pará. In this context, this study aims to analyze the changes in use and occupation of the territory in the Community of Boa Esperança, located in Santarém, western region of Pará, from the 1960s to 2020. For this purpose, a bibliographical, journalistic and documentary review and field research were carried out. The origin of the Boa Esperança community is related to the construction of PA-370 (Santarém-Curuá-Una) and the Sylvio Braga Hydroelectric Plant, also known as the Curuá-Una hydroelectric plant, works resulting from the demands of local politicians. There were three phases in its historical and territorial development process: a) Extractive; b) Formation and consolidation; Specialization in Production and Agribusiness. In this development process, the community underwent important transformations and was inserted in the logic of capitalist reproduction, and follows the trend of a process of urbanization and modernization of its productive activities inserted in a capitalist logic of accumulation and concentration of socially produced wealth.
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8
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KATIA SOLANGE DO NASCIMENTO DEMEDA
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GIFT AND RELATIONS OF POWER IN THE MANAGEMENT OF MINING ROYALTIES IN JURUTI VELHO, JURUTI - PA
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Advisor : LUCIANA GONCALVES DE CARVALHO
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COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
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ANDRÉA LUISA ZHOURI LASCHEFSKI
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DELMA PESSANHA NEVES
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LILIAN REBELLATO
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LUCIANA GONCALVES DE CARVALHO
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ROMERO XIMENES PONTE
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SÔNIA MARIA SIMÕES BARBOSA MAGALHÃES SANTOS
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Data: Jun 5, 2020
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Show Abstract
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The mobilization of 47 communities in Juruti - PA resulted in the foundation of the Association of Reunited Communities of Juruti Velho (Acorjuve) and in the creation of the Juruti Velho Agroextractive Settlement Project, enabling communities to obtain the collective title to the land. Acorjuve's organization was also essential in the process of resisting the installation of mining company Alcoa in its territory and in the struggle to receive and manage royalties from bauxite mining since 2010. This thesis analyzes how these resources, received by the mentioned entity they were absorbed in the traditional system of gifts that move the circuit of exchanges of material and immaterial goods among the residents of the region. In addition, it identifies and analyzes conflicts and political articulation processes motivated by the insertion of money in the communities and by the dissensions around the royalty management model. In view of the pressure exerted by different institutions to adopt an “ideal model” for the management of these resources, the entity has been fighting for the maintenance of its “native model” for the use and distribution of money and goods among its representatives, based on exchange relations linked to local networks and averse to bureaucratic and formal-legal logics. It is proposed, based on ethnographic research and participant observation, a reflection based on the gift theory to understand this “native model” and the relationships that support it. The research showed how members express dilemmas about the use and management of financial resources, which proved to be a catalyst for changes in interpersonal relationships in different fields of power, highlighting Acorjuve's own movement to guarantee (or) reinforce the legitimacy of their political self-representation. It is concluded that the way the money from royalties is used and distributed - the “native model” - cannot be seen as a way of weakening the bonds that support social relations, the sense of collectivity and participation; in fact, this model is a strong expression of the movement of the most fundamental social institutions there, operating to strengthen a certain cultural logic and to resist the logic of capital, which is increasingly inserted in communities.
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9
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ERICLEYA MOTA MARINHO LIMA
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A pesca de Acari (Pterygoplichthys ardalis) em sistemas de co-manejo na várzea do Baixo Amazonas, Pará, Brasil
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Advisor : DAVID GIBBS MCGRATH
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COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
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DAVID GIBBS MCGRATH
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THIAGO ALMEIDA VIEIRA
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JARSEN LUIS CASTRO GUIMARAES
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DIEGO MAIA ZACARDI
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CHARLES HANRY FARIA JUNIOR
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ANTONIA DO SOCORRO PENA DA GAMA
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Data: Jul 24, 2020
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Show Abstract
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In the Lower Amazon, the species Pterygoplichthys pardalis, popularly known as Acari, is one of the ten main species of regional fisheries and, for this reason, this research evaluates the Acari fishing, aiming at identifying the main factors that influence the catches in the co-management system in foodplain communities located in the municipalities of Santarém and Alenquer, Pará. The research on the field was carried out in the Pixuna and Tapará Miri communities, in the municipality of Santarém, and Salvação in the municipality of Alenquer. The data gathering was carried out through interviews, observation, participatory monitoring of fishing and fish sampling. The results indicate that Acari fishing is important both for consumption and for the families' economy. The catches occur most frequently between July and November (ebb and dry seasons). Acaris, unlike most amazonian fish, are traded live and in units. In the Salvação community it is also sold in the form a fish flour (named piracuí) manually produce. The foodplain lakes are the main capture environments throughout the year. The fisheries are influenced by the rules created by communities, market demand, fishermen's knowledge and the local seasonality. The locations that have the most rigid management rules, such as the restriction of certain equipments, are those with the healthiest stocks. The fishermen have refined knowledge, comparable to the scientific knowledge found in the literature, about biological and ecological aspects of the Acari, and this knowledge is plausible for the sustainable management of the species. Such results contribute to the understanding of how the Acari fishing is currently developed in the study area and they can also help management and conservation of this resource that is emblematic for the Lower Amazon.
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10
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SÂMEA CIBELE FREITAS DA SILVA
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Cianobactérias no Baixo Rio Tapajós, Amazônia, Brasil
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Advisor : SERGIO DE MELO
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COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
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SERGIO DE MELO
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JOSE MAX BARBOSA DE OLIVEIRA JUNIOR
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JOAO RICARDO VASCONCELLOS GAMA
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MAXWELL BARBOSA DE SANTANA
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LUCINEWTON SILVA DE MOURA
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DAVIA MARCIANA TALGATTI
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Data: Aug 11, 2020
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Show Abstract
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Cyanobacterial blooms occurred in the Tapajós River, Western Pará, Brazil. This overgrowth of potentially toxic cyanobacteria has been recorded worldwide, often associated with anthropogenic environments. The phenomenon is less frequent in lotic environments, and there is a shortage of investigations related to the topic in the Amazon. The present study aimed to analyze the space and seasonality of cyanobacteria in water bottles, collected on a monthly scale for 10 months in the Tapajós River on five beaches for recreational use and to verify the condition of bathing and the potential of cyanobacteria. A richness in species of cyanobacteria was estimated by the number of taxa per sample and a quantitative analysis of cyanobacteria was performed by the method of Utermöhl (1958). There are 22 taxa of cyanobacteria distributed in 11 genera, including Microcystis, Dolichospermum, Aphanocapsa, Lyngbya and Planktothrix, species potentially producing cyanotoxins. Throughout the sampled period, cyanobacteria were found in the water and no spatial variations in the richness and population density of cyanobacteria were found. On the other hand, there was a time difference in the amount of cyanobacteria in which the highest values of richness and densities were recorded during the period of lowest glove supply and during the phases of leakage and low waters of the river. It has been suggested that, during a period and period of leakage and low water, the effect of revolving and resuspension of nutrients, combined with hydrodynamic conditions of the Tapajós River, provide limnological conditions favorable to the growth of cyanobacteria, such as those that can be intensified by use disorderly land use and occupation. The period of high tourist season coincided with the moment when there are more blooms of cyanobacteria. In addition, the tapajós river water was inappropriate for recreational contact in 12% of the clothes analyzed, and in 34% of the clothes investigated, they had the possibility of human contamination through the consumption of water during flowering moments, as they were at odds with a standard. Despite the amount of cyanobacteria measured in the longest study period in accordance with the values stipulated by the legislation, the presence of potentially toxic genera represents a silent threat in this environment, therefore, it must be monitored.
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11
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MARIALINA CORREA SOBRINHO
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UM MODELO CONCEITUAL PARA REPRESENTAR E TRATAR SINAIS CORPORAIS NO PROCESSO DE APRENDIZAGEM
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Advisor : CELSON PANTOJA LIMA
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COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
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ANSELMO ALENCAR COLARES
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CELSON PANTOJA LIMA
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JARSEN LUIS CASTRO GUIMARAES
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MARCIO JOSE MOUTINHO DA PONTE
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MARIA LILIA IMBIRIBA SOUSA COLARES
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RODRIGO DA SILVA
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Data: Aug 17, 2020
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Show Abstract
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This thesis has as main objective to propose a conceptual model to represent and treat body signals such as facial expressions, heartbeat and brain waves, in the learning process. For this, three experiments were carried out in educational institutions in the city of Santarém. In Early Childhood Education and Elementary School 1, which are part of Basic Education, the participants were teachers at Colégio Dom Amando - CDA. In Technical Education, the participants were students of the Computer Maintenance discipline of the Technical Course in Informatics at the Centro de Formação Jessé Pinto Freire - SENAC and, in Higher Education, students enrolled in the discipline of Information and Communication Technology linked to the Science course in Computing at the Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará - UFOPA. The experiments were guided by a six-step process, supported by technological tools such as the CADAP platform, Heart Rate Sensor, Oximeter and Emotiv Epoc +. The research was qualitative and quantitative, the methodology used was action research, involving planning, action, description and analysis steps in all experiments. Regarding the results, they showed that the emotional state of the participants during the performance of the different types of activities could be perceived through the monitoring of body signals, thus validating the hypotheses raised in this research. The model and the experiments were evaluated by all participants, obtaining a positive feedback regarding their applied in learning spaces, aiming at the possibility of improvements in the learning and teaching processes. It is concluded that, analyzing the data set on heartbeat, performance metrics through brain waves and emotional states by facial expressions, the same activity can produce different reactions in the participants, according to the methodology used by the teacher, the which reaffirmed the premise that learning should always be student-centered. Future research will be conducted to expand the number of experiments, in several areas, also addressing the public of teachers, in order to compare the data and point out potential improvements to the methodological process applied.
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12
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DALIANE FERREIRA MARINHO
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A SAÚDE DO PESCADOR ARTESANAL DE SANTARÉM- PARÁ
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Advisor : DELMA PESSANHA NEVES
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COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
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DALVA MARIA DA MOTA
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DELMA PESSANHA NEVES
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JARSEN LUIS CASTRO GUIMARAES
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LUCIANA GONCALVES DE CARVALHO
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SILVÂNIA YUKIKO LINS TAKANASHI
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WINIFRED KNOX
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Data: Aug 27, 2020
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Show Abstract
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Artisanal fishing, productive activity, is understood as a commercial fishing modality, which is characterized by poorly mechanized work, autonomously and in a family economy regime. The fishing activity exposes its workers to innumerable risks of illnesses and accidents. Considering the great economic, social and cultural importance of this worker for the region, as well as the absence of official local health indicators specific to this professional category, this study was carried out. Objective: Given the risks inherent to the profession, this research aimed to analyze the health conditions of artisanal fishermen in the municipality of Santarém-Pará. Methodology: For this purpose, an empirical research was carried out, of a descriptive and analytical nature, of the transversal, exploratory type, with a quantitative and qualitative approach. Its target audience was artisanal fishermen (n = 111), affiliated to the Colony of Fishermen Z-20 (CP Z-20), headquartered in the municipality of Santarém-Pará. As instruments of data collection, questionnaires, physical evaluations, lectures and semi-structured interviews were used. The research was approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee. The data were collected between the years 2018 and 2019. Results: As a result, it was possible to observe that the profile of artisanal fishermen was composed of men, of working age, married, with an average of two children per family, own house, residence in the regions from the municipality's floodplain, with an average income of one minimum wage, owners of their vessels and fishing harnesses. As for health aspects, a large number of fishermen were hypertensive, were overweight or with grade I obesity, and had complaints of pain or discomfort in the regions of the back, in the last twelve months and seven days. Its activity has been classified ergonomically, by the RULA Software, as a serious effort, requiring immediate intervention for correction. Conclusion: With the study it was possible to conclude that artisanal fishermen in the municipality of Santarém are exposed to physical, ergonomic and accident risks, related to the nature of their work occupation. And that many already had osteomuscular disorders installed in the spine, of a chronic and acute nature. As well as having risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, such as high blood pressure and body mass index (BMI) above expected. They conceived the concept of health as that linked to the absence of disease, and that the individual's well-being is related to his optimistic posture in the face of life's difficulties, with the expression of his resilience in the face of the adversities that they considered inherent in the fisherman's routine in activity.
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13
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KLAUDIA YARED SADALA
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ESTUDOS PESSOA-AMBIENTE-GÊNERO A PARTIR DA VIVÊNCIA DAS TERRAS CAÍDAS NUMA VARZEA AMAZÔNICA: análise do afeto ao lugar em Fátima de Urucurituba no Eixo Forte/Santarém-PA.
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Advisor : TANIA SUELY AZEVEDO BRASILEIRO
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COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
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JORGE MANUEL DO ROSÁRIO TRINDADE
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KARLA PATRÍCIA MARTINS FERREIRA
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LUCIANA GONCALVES DE CARVALHO
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MARILENE PROENÇA REBELLO DE SOUSA
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TANIA SUELY AZEVEDO BRASILEIRO
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THIAGO ALMEIDA VIEIRA
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Data: Aug 28, 2020
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Show Abstract
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The environmental issue is extremely complex, which impels us to plan studies that focus on an integrating vision of the dialectical processes of the relationship between society, nature and development, especially with regard to the Amazon and its populations. Environmental Psychology has consolidated itself as a fertile area for interdisciplinary discussions, allowing to expand knowledge related to human-environmental problems. In this perspective, the present thesis focused its attention on the psychosocial implications arising from the phenomenon of fallen lands in the lowland santarena and the socio-environmental changes that were necessary for the community members of Fátima do Urucurituba, resettled in the plateau region of the municipality of Santarém / PA. As a general objective, he proposes “To analyze the person-environment-gender relations based on the understanding of the affection for the place in a lowland riverside community, which experienced the phenomenon of fallen lands in the Santarena Amazon”; And, it assumes the following specific objectives: i) to identify the construction of place identity; ii) understand the process of space appropriation; iii) identify the built territories; iv) investigate the affective meanings attributed by men and women to the community currently constituted; and, v) verify the implications of the phenomenon of “fallen lands” on territorial change and on socioeconomic issues. The research has a quantitative and qualitative approach, with structured interviews and application of the instrument for generating affective maps with 16 community members, in addition to the ethnographic study (which took place from March 2019 to January 2020). The results revealed the new socio-environmental and socio-social context of the Fátima de Urucurituba community members already resettled on the mainland, namely: impacts on individual and collective sociability by the new territoriality and reconfiguration of the territory; changes in socioeconomic activities, especially for fishing and agriculture; men and women experienced territorial change differently and developed different affections for the place of residence. The inhabitants of Fátima de Urucurituba in Eixo Forte: show a strong community relationship and bring elements of their collective identity from the old community (Ex .: community patron saint - Nossa Senhora de Fátima); they demonstrate affection for the place in transition, as well as a process of building a new place identity based on the new socio-environmental and relational context, observed in the potentializing affection relationship. The data analysis process reveals that the phenomenon of “fallen lands” in the Amazon must be understood as a socio-environmental and political event, which affects the most vulnerable populations and which is complex, giving visibility to these populations with regard to the abandonment of public policies and the lack of guarantees of fundamental rights, especially regarding access to health and education. The presented problem, and its several crossings, intends to produce references in the Environmental Sciences of the constituent dialectical processes, in a psychosocial and affective perspective, of the identity particularities of riverside lowland populations in the Amazon.
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14
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LUANA LAZZERI ARANTES
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MULHERES INDÍGENAS DO BAIXO RIO TAPAJÓS (PARÁ) EM EXERCÍCIO DE MEDIAÇÃO SOCIAL
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Advisor : DELMA PESSANHA NEVES
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COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
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DELMA PESSANHA NEVES
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FLORENCIO ALMEIDA VAZ FILHO
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GERSEM JOSE DOS SANTOS LUCIANO
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LUCIANA GONCALVES DE CARVALHO
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RAIMUNDA NONATA MONTEIRO
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ÂNGELA SACCHI
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Data: Aug 28, 2020
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Show Abstract
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Based on the assumption that each group is built by specific social processes, I analyze the social trajectories of three indigenous women from the Lower Tapajós River region, Western Pará State, Amazon. From this perspective, I reflect on the construction of fundamental strategies for mediation exercises by different universes, associated with the orientation of political actions in defense of indigenous rights. Denying any political reductionism that assumes indigenous people in social isolation and immutable organization and daily practices, I bring to reflection ways of participation of ethnic groups, in mediated interaction or supported by delegated representation. I used methodological procedures based on a semi-structured qualitative interview and direct observation, without losing sight of the procedural, dialogical and engaged research exercise, to enable the construction and analysis of the social trajectories of Auricélia Arapiun, Fabiana Borari, and Luana Kumaruara. They were constituted as people in the process of socially walking through different places, thus reaffirming their cultural roots and their referential ancestry. The commuting between the city and indigenous community was experienced by them since their childhood. The sense produced in these commuting reinforced their belonging to their respective ethnic groups and the convergence of common interests with other indigenous. The analysis of the process of constitution of authority by these indigenous people, investing in training as leaders, involved the reflection on issues of social organization, bonded with the traditional territory, construction of the body and the person, pajelança and commensality. The construction of their legitimacy as representatives of collective interests also passed through formal education, enabling the incorporation of knowledge and codes of behavior produced externally to the meaning-producing universes themselves. Since 2010, with the implementation of a Special Indigenous Selection Process at the Federal University of Western Pará, a new phase to the way of making politics among representatives of the indigenous movement of the Lower Tapajós has begun. Ufopa becomes a stage of coexistence, of political dispute, of the demarcation of otherness, of the formation of indigenous leaders, of articulation among indigenous women and of the formulation of anti-racist strategies and of a critical intercultural project to be later replicated in other social spaces.
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15
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MARCELLO BATISTA RIBEIRO
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GREEN IT IN COMPUTER SCIENTIST TRAINING: a study focused on sustainable practices in an Amazonian university.
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Advisor : TANIA SUELY AZEVEDO BRASILEIRO
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COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
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CLARIDES HENRICH DE BARBA
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JARSEN LUIS CASTRO GUIMARAES
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LUCIETA GUERREIRO MARTORANO
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SANDRA SOFIA FERREIRA DA SILVA CAEIRO
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SILVIA DAS DORES RISSINO
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TANIA SUELY AZEVEDO BRASILEIRO
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Data: Aug 31, 2020
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Show Abstract
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The Information Technology (IT) sector and its innovations are responsible for a portion of the world's pollution, with the emission of carbon dioxide (CO2), toxic waste disposal, among others. With the arrival of Industry 4.0, the pollution from this sector tends to increase and the IT professional must also assume the task of managing and / or avoiding these impacts. The university has a strategic role in coaching this professional for the new reality. Thus, the general objective of this doctoral thesis is "To analyze the environmental thematic / Green IT in the formation of the Computer Scientist at the Federal University of Rondônia (UNIR) and the level of socio-environmental awareness of teachers and graduates of the program". It assumes the following specific objectives: i) to analyze the institutional documents of this IFES (BCC-UNIR Statute, General Regulation, PDI and PPC) in relation to the presence of the environmental thematic, having the relevant legislation as a basis; ii) describe the profile of its undergraduates, considering the empirical study, the national reference curriculum of the area and the demands of the global market; iii) verify the perception and level of knowledge of professors and alumni on environmental issues and, more specifically, the presence of Green Information Technology (Green IT) in the formation of the Bachelor in Computer Science; iv) map the manifestations of environmental issues / Green IT in the training process of this professional and the level of socio-environmental awareness of coordinators, teachers and alumni, with a view to proposing strategies that can subsidize knowledge of sustainable Green IT practices. It is a case study in the Computer Science course at UNIR - headquarters campus, with a qualitative and quantitative approach, based on bibliographic, documentary and empirical research, carrying out a pilot study (2018) with students, teachers and coordinators. In the research itself, an online questionnaire was applied with 45 undergraduates and 14 professors of the program. The collected data were treated with content analysis (BARDIN, 2011) and the triangulation technique (DENZIN, 1979). As a result of the analysis, it was found that: with regard to the Amazon thematic, highlighted in the PDI, the same does not occur in the PPC of the studied program, even though UNIR documents (BCC Statute, PDI and PPC) partially comply with EA legislation; there are indications related to the environmental thematic in the curriculum of the Computer Science Program studied in only one course (Electronics for Computing), however, most of the respondent professors say they do not address these issues in their disciplines, although the undergraduates surveyed affirm the opposite, including confirming the aforementioned, in addition to indicating several other courses directly related to the area of computing. It should be noted that the subjects in the area of mathematics are advertised as those that have no relation to environmental and / or green IT themes; most undergraduates and teachers demonstrate knowledge about green IT and sustainable practices, but only 7% of graduates claim to have acquired this knowledge at the university, since at the time the program took a more technical approach, with little emphasis on human issues that related to computing, among them the environmental issue; professors and undergraduates consider it important to insert the environmental thematic / Green IT in the subjects of the course studied, even though there are professors arguing that it should be treated in a transversal way in the curriculum. As for the level of socio-environmental awareness of those surveyed, it can be said that in the personal sphere they recognize and announce the adoption of personal Green IT practices, including energy savings, minimal use of paper and proper disposal of equipment. The study concludes that Green IT has the potential to be used as part of Environmental Education (EA) in Computer Programs in Brazil and worldwide, leading future professionals to be co-responsible with a more sustainable society.
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16
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LILIAN MARIA COELHO ESCOBAR BUENO LADEIRA
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PERCEPÇÃO AMBIENTAL EM SANTARÉM E EM PORTO TROMBETAS/PA: Influência de fatores socioeconômicos e demográficos.
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Advisor : LILIAN REBELLATO
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COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
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DUARCIDES FERREIRA MARIOSA
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LILIAN REBELLATO
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LUCIANA GONCALVES DE CARVALHO
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MARISA DANTAS BITENCOURT
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RUBENS ELIAS DUARTE NOGUEIRA
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YNGLEA GEORGINA DE FREITAS GOCH
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Data: Sep 17, 2020
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Show Abstract
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The environmental issue has been highlighted in the scientific community as one of the contemporary dilemmas and the need to find solutions for its protection is limited by the difference in individuals’ perceptions and within communities. The study of Environmental Perception and the correlation with its cultural expression can help creation of initial structure for planning actions to improve the human-nature relationship. The aim of this work was to make a diagnosis of the Environmental Perception of students of Basic Education of public and private school in the municipality of Santarém and Porto Trombetas, in Oriximiná, both in Pará state, observing the influence of some socioeconomic and demographic factors, such as age, gender, education, type/kind of school and place where they live. The Free Listing and structured questionnaire were used as data collection instruments. Significant differences were found between students from different spheres, in both locations, between genders, in different age groups and in schooling. The most frequent categories found were religious, utilitarian and socio-cultural. Because environmental perception is a social representation way and students are a good representation of society, its study is essential for the execution of project or socio-environmental intervention.
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17
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HIGOR ALMEIDA DA SILVA
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Temporal systemic analysis of two rural communities in Settlement Project in the Pará State, Amazon
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Advisor : JOAO RICARDO VASCONCELLOS GAMA
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COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
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ALANNA DO SOCORRO LIMA DA SILVA
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HELIONORA DA SILVA ALVES
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JOAO RICARDO VASCONCELLOS GAMA
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LUCIANA GONCALVES DE CARVALHO
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THIAGO ALMEIDA VIEIRA
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TROY PATRICK BELDINI
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Data: Dec 22, 2020
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Show Abstract
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Agrarian reform settlements are part of Brazilian public policies as a mechanism for fulfilment the social function of the land, sheltering families of farmers from various agrarian dynamics of the country. These rural settlements enable socioeconomic improvements to rural workers and their families, under very varied conditions and, in general, with many limitations of all orders, which are better understood through interdisciplinary studies and methodologies that allow a greater immersion in the realities. The present study has the general objective to contribute in the analysis of agrarian reform policies in the Amazon from an interdisciplinary study about socioeconomic and environmental advances and setbacks of the São Mateus and Santo Antônio communities of the Settlement Project Moju I and II, over the course of ten years (2008 to 2018). The research presented the potential for use and the structure of forests in managed areas; the family farming production considering the socioeconomic strategies; the environmental impacts and mitigating measures in the two communities; and the aspects related to the socioeconomic dynamics of families. The methodology was based on the temporal comparative analysis of data collected in 2008 and 2018 through the Participatory Rapid/Rural Appraisal (PRA), semi-structured interviews and participant observation, with technical assistance of overlay of thematic maps, interaction matrices and through analysis the timber and non-timber potential of forest species. This study indicates that ecological, economic and social sustainability, in the communities surveyed, depends on numerous factors combined, which highlights the necessity to improvement of the production systems and assisted strategies in the relations of the settlers with the market so that the improvements in the living conditions of these populations to be solid and durable, based on more effective public policies for rural settlements in the Amazon.
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